[Hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among health care workers in Burkina Faso]. / Statut vaccinal contre le virus de l'hépatite B et facteurs associés parmi le personnel de santé au Burkina Faso.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-HBV vaccination status and factors associated with vaccination against HBV among health care workers in Burkina Faso. METHODS: In August and September 2010, we conducted a cross-sectional study on health care workers having practiced in a health facility for at least three months. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from consenting participants to search for anti-HBs antibodies, markers of immune status. RESULTS: A total of 452 health care workers were surveyed. Among the respondents, 47.7 % had received at least one dose of HBV vaccine. The full immunization coverage against HBV was estimated at 10.9 %. Factors associated with vaccination status were age (p = 0.005), occupation (p = 0.005), and seniority in the profession (p = 0.001). Anti-HBs was found in 61.6 % of respondents, with significant differences (p = 0.01) between subjects who received at least one dose of vaccine (76.7 %) and those who reported never having been vaccinated (50.3 %). CONCLUSION: Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers is low in Burkina Faso, hence the need to promote vaccination against HBV in health facilities.

[Family environment and dental health disparities among urban children in Burkina Faso]. / Environnement familial et disparités de santé dentaire des enfants en milieu urbain au Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is the most common multifactorial disease in children and has substantial negative impact on daily life. In sub-Saharan Africa, few data are available on the relationship between dental caries and the social and family environment of children. The objectives of the present study were firstly to assess the level of prevalence and severity of dental caries of children in Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso and secondly to determine whether or not individual factors, family and living conditions are linked with dental health disparities within the population. METHODS: Interview and clinical data were obtained from a household-based cross-sectional survey. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was applied in four areas of Ouagadougou representing different stages of urbanization. RESULTS: The final study population included 1606 children aged 6-12 years. For the overall group the total caries prevalence rate was 48.2%. Results showed that the dental health status of the mother, social integration of the householder and socioeconomic level of the household were associated with the dental health of children. Disparities in dental health were prominent; poor dental health was relatively frequent in children from households poorly integrated into social networks with rather acceptable standard in terms of material wealth. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that individual factors as well as family-related and environmental factors had an influence on their caries experience. The rapidly changing lifestyle affects oral health and the burden of oral diseases is expected to increase initially in people of upper classes and later in disadvantaged people. Disease prevention focussing on common risk factors of chronic diseases should be enhanced. In addition, the accessibility of quality fluoride products (e.g. toothpaste, salt, water) should be facilitated as soon as possible.

[Cutaneous manifestations of arsenicisme in Burkina Faso: epidemiological and clinical features]. / Manifestations cutanees de l'arsenicisme au Burkina Faso: aspects epidemiologiques et cliniques.

The main aetiology of human arsenic toxicity provide from natural geological source. The characteristic skin lesions of arsenic toxicity may be used as an indicator of high exposure. We have registered 45 cases. The age bracket was one to 70 years. We have registered 27 women (60%) and 18 men (40%). The cutaneous manifestations have been dominated by the palmo plantar hyperkeratosis and hyperpigmentations (77,8% each one). The urinary concentrations of arsenic were 13 microg/l to 212 microg/l; they were 69 to 101 microg/l in the drinking water localized in the golden area, however they were normal outside this area. The clinical features were similar with the description of the literature. Intoxication of drinking water is problem of public health and we recommend checking all the other golden areas to find some appropriate solutions.

Conversion rate at two-month follow-up of smear-positive tuberculosis patients in Burkina Faso.

SETTING: Burkina Faso, West Africa. OBJECTIVE: 1) To determine the trend of sputum smear conversion rates at the 2-month follow-up of new smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) patients; and 2) to compare conversion rates in cured TB patients and treatment failures. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study based on TB registers from all 80 diagnostic and treatment centres from 1995 to 2003. The conversion rate was defined as the number of negative results divided by the number of smear-positive patients for whom the 2-month follow-up examination was completed. RESULTS: The 2-month follow-up completion rate was 92.1%; it increased from 86.3% in 1996 to 94.3% in 2003. The conversion rate was 82.9%, increasing from 76.3% in 1995 to 87.9% in 1997 and falling to 80.3% in 2003. The cure rate was higher among patients who were smear-negative at the 2-month follow-up (77.3%) CONCLUSION: The conversion rate was satisfying, but had declined since 1997, which may be a matter of concern. This could be due to patient characteristics such as associated conditions (human immunodeficiency virus, malnutrition) or to drug management (ineffective administration of drugs even under directly observed treatment, insufficient dosages, resistance). Thorough research is needed to elucidate this negative trend.

Are patients who present spontaneously with PTB symptoms to the health services in Burkina Faso well managed?

SETTING: Six health districts selected from a total of 53 in Burkina Faso. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the health services in identifying infectious pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases in Burkina Faso. DESIGN: Retrospective review of initial consultation registers in the first level health centres and the laboratory and treatment registers kept at the Centres for TB Diagnosis and Treatment (CDTs) in 2001. RESULTS: The rate of detection of sputum-positive cases of PTB was 11.7 cases per 100000 population. Cough was the reason for consulting for 10.6% of 248,730 adults; 1.1% had chronic cough. Among patients with chronic cough, 66% had been referred for smear microscopy, 69.7% of whom were registered at the CDT to which they were referred. A positive diagnosis was made in 22.5% of the suspects referred and traced to the CDT. Among those with a positive diagnosis, 87.1% were put on treatment in the same CDT. CONCLUSIONS: The PTB case detection rate in Burkina Faso is low, due to the loss of cases at each of the stages leading to the diagnosis of TB. Case detection depends on the operational effectiveness of the staff working in the health services, as well as the referral of suspect patients to the CDT.

[Bioequivalence in vitro evaluation of some antibacterial generic dosage forms]. / Evaluation in vitro de la bio-équivalence de quelques formes génériques d'antibactériens.

In this work, bioequivalence between generic and corresponding original brand-name dosage forms of some antibacterial drugs, frequently prescribed in developing countries, have been examined using in vitro dissolution testing. For this purpose, tablet or hard capsule formulations of five active substances (amoxycillin, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole (sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim), metronidazole and penicillin V) have been retained. For each active substance, batch samples of three generic and one test formulations have been submitted to the pharmaceutical quality control and dissolution testing. Results obtained have shown that all samples examined met the specifications of quality edited by the pharmacopeias. On the other hand, interchangeability between generic and corresponding test formulations should be possible since their dissolution profiles are superposables enough.

Evaluation des performances de sept test de depistage du VIH utilises au CNTS de Bamako

De nos jours compte tenu de la variabilite du VIH et de la multiplicite des tests de depistages du VIH nous avons evalue 7 tests dans le but de determiner ceux qui sont adaptes a nos contextes socio-economique . Cette etude s'est proposee d'evaluer les performances de 7 kits commerciaux de diagnostics de l'infection a VIH. Il s'agissait d'une enquete prospective transversale comparant 7 kits de depistage chez les donneurs de sang et les malades du service des maladies infectieuses de l'hopital du Point G. Elle a porte sur un total de 242 serums provenant de 161 donneurs de sang du CNTS; 81 malades hospitalises et 81 urines provenant de ces memes malades et 57 urines provenant de donneurs de sang .Le western Blot de Bio Rad a ete le test reference. En tenant compte de la strategie de l'OMS et de l'ONUSIDA de 1997 ; de la praticabilite et du cout des tests nous retenons en definitif les tests suivants : Chez les donneurs de sang ;GENSCEERN V2 et I MMUNOCOMB II HIVV1/2 Chez les malades presentant des signes cliniques evocateurs du SIDA. GENSCREEN V2 et GENIE II HIV1/2 Dans la population generale ou le taux de prevalence est de1;7p.100: le test GENSCREEN V2 en premiere intention et le test semi-rapide IMMUNO COMB II HIV1/2 en deuxieme intention pour la confirmation des resultats. Dans la population a risque ou la seroprevalence est superieure a 10p.100 le test GENSCREEN V2 Nous ne recommandons

[Nutritional status on admission and hospital mortality of under-five year old children with infectious diseases in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]. / Etat nutritionnel à l'admission et mortalité hospitalière des enfants de moins de 5ans atteints de maladies infectieuses à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND: It is known that malnutrition in childhood interacting with infectious diseases contributes to increase mortality. In Burkina Faso, infectious pathologies and malnutrition are public health problems. We examined the impact of malnutrition status, using the Weight-for-age (WA) index, on mortality of children hospitalized for infectious diseases. METHODS: This retrospective study uses a systematic sample derived from the year 1999 hospital register. In total data of 1573 children from 0 to 59 months were analyzed. The association between mortality and dependent variables was measured by relative risks (RR) in univariate analysis. A logistic regression was realized and attributable risk percent (etiologic fraction among exposed) of death was calculated. RESULTS: The total intra-hospital lethality amounted to 15.3%. Age, diagnosis, type of care recourse and malnutrition (low WA index) on admission were associated to mortality. The logistic regression model confirmed the high risks of deaths for young children (0-11m), children in malnutrition (low WA index) and those with severe malaria. The attributable risk percent of death indicates that, 87% of deaths are statically attributable to severe malnutrition (WA Z-score<=-3) and 64.3% of deaths are statically attributable to moderate malnutrition (WA Z-score]-3, -2]). CONCLUSION: Nutritional status evaluation would allow to select children at risk and reduce mortality by including nutritional intervention in standard treatment of children hospitalized for infectious diseases.